XV C768 102 3BHB007211R102隔離輸入通道卡件

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XV C768 102 3BHB007211R102隔離輸入通道卡件

在復合式膜生物反應器中安裝填料的目的有兩個：一是提高處理系統(tǒng)的抗沖擊負荷,保證系統(tǒng)的處理效果;二是降低反應器中懸浮性活性污泥濃度,減小膜污染的程度,保證較高的膜通量。復合式膜生物反應器中,由于填料上附著生長著大量微生物,能夠保證系統(tǒng)具有較高的處理效果并有抵抗沖擊負荷的能力,同時又不會使反應器內懸浮污泥濃度過高,影響膜通量。 4 MBR工藝的特點 4.1 對污染物的去除效率高 MBR對懸浮固體(SS)濃度和濁度有著非常良好的去除效果。由于膜組件的膜孔徑非常小(0.01~1祄),可將生物反應器內全部的懸浮物和污泥都截留下來,其固液分離效果要遠遠好于二沉池,MBR對SS的去除率在99%以上,甚至達到100%;濁度的去除率也在90%以上,出水濁度與自來水相近。由于膜組件的高效截留作用,將全部的活性污泥都截留在反應器內,使得反應器內的污泥濃度可達到較高水平,高可達40~50g/L。這樣,就大大降低了生物反應器內的污泥負荷,提高了MBR對有機物的去除效率,對生活污水COD的平均去除率在94%以上,BOD的平均去除率在96%以上。同時,由于膜組件的分離作用,使得生物反應器中的水力停留時間(HRT)和污泥停留時間(SRT)是完全分開的,這樣就可以使生長緩慢、世代時間較長的微生物(如硝化細菌)也能在反應器中生存下來,保證了MBR除具有高效降解有機物的作用外,還具有良好的硝化作用。研究表明,MBR在處理生活污水時,對氨氮的去除率平均在98%以上,出水氨氮濃度低于1mg/L。此外,選擇合適孔徑的膜組件后,MBR對細菌和病毒也有著較好的去除效果,這樣就可以省去傳統(tǒng)處理工藝中的消毒工藝,大大簡化了工藝流程。另外,在DO濃度較低時,在菌膠團內部存在缺氧或厭氧區(qū),為反硝化創(chuàng)造了條件。僅采用好氧MBR工藝,雖然對TP的去除效率不高,但如果將其與厭氧進行組合,則可大大提高TP的去除率。研究表明,采用A/O復合式MBR工藝,對TP的去除率可達70%以上。 4.2 具有較大的靈活性和實用性在城市污水或工業(yè)廢水處理中,傳統(tǒng)的處理工藝(格柵+沉砂池+初沉池+曝氣池+二沉池+消毒池)流程較長,占地面積大,而出水水質又不能保證。而MBR工藝(篩網(wǎng)過濾+MBR)則因流程短、占地面積小!處理水量靈活等特點,而呈現(xiàn)出明顯優(yōu)勢#MBR的出水量根據(jù)實際情況,只需增減膜組件的片數(shù)就可完成產(chǎn)水量調整,非常簡單、方便。對于傳統(tǒng)的活性污泥法工藝中出現(xiàn)的污泥膨脹現(xiàn)象,MBR由于不用二沉池進行固液分離,可以輕松解決。這樣,就大大減輕了管理操作的復雜程度,使穩(wěn)定的出水成為可能。同時,MBR工藝非常易于實現(xiàn)自動控制,提高了污水處理的自動化水平。 4.3 解決了剩余污泥處置難的問題剩余污泥的處置問題,是污水處理廠運行好壞的關鍵問題之一#MBR工藝中,污泥負荷非常低,反應器內營養(yǎng)物質相對缺乏,微生物處在內源呼吸區(qū),污泥產(chǎn)率低,因而使得剩余污泥的產(chǎn)生量很少,SRT得到延長,排除的剩余污泥濃度大,可不用進行污泥濃縮,而直接進行脫水,這就大大節(jié)省了污泥處理的費用。有研究得出,在處理生活污水時,MBR佳的排泥時間在35d左右。由上述可知,MBR工藝所具有的優(yōu)越性,是目前其他處理工藝無法比擬的#該工藝在城市污水或生活污水處理!高濃度有機廢水、難降解有機廢水以及中水回用等方面都具有廣闊的應用前景。自動化公路是交通自動化的先導和基礎，也是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國家的生命線。在許多國家交通阻塞造成的時間耽擱、燃油浪費，以及毫無必要的廢氣排放，都給社會造成了很大的損失。有人可能認為，解決問題的出路不外乎是建造更多的公路。然而，修建新公路是造價極高的工程。例如,美國改造波士頓中央干道１１公里長的一個路段,計劃需要大約８０億美元的資金。因此,大規(guī)模地擴建城市通道及高速公路,在經(jīng)濟上是不可行的,人們必須設法學會更加有效地利用現(xiàn)有的公路。自動化公路是擴大公路交通能力的省錢的途徑。自動化公路的組成原理表明自動化公路系統(tǒng)是辟出一條車道或一組車道,來讓裝有專門設備的小汽車、卡車和公共汽車等在計算機的控制下結隊行駛，通過一個小型計算機網(wǎng)絡（這些小型計算機安裝在汽車內以及某些路段的路邊）來協(xié)調車流,從而增大車流量,提高公路的運輸能力。自動化公路交通所需的新技術大部分集中在汽車中, 一個前視傳感器或一個攝像機探測前方的危險障礙物和其它車輛以及車道邊界,這些設備與計算機相連,由計算機迅速處理得到的圖像,然后操縱汽車轉向、剎車,使車輛保持適當?shù)乃俣群妥藨B(tài)。每輛汽車上都載有數(shù)字無線電設備,它使車上的計算機能夠同附近的其它車輛通信,也能同監(jiān)控公路的監(jiān)視計算機通信,使駕車者得知有關汽車運行情況的信息。There are two purposes to install fillers in the composite membrane bioreactor: one is to improve the anti impact load of the treatment system and ensure the treatment effect of the system; The second is to reduce the concentration of suspended activated sludge in the reactor, reduce the degree of membrane pollution, and ensure high membrane flux. In the composite membrane bioreactor, due to a large number of microorganisms attached to the filler, it can ensure that the system has a high treatment effect and the ability to resist shock load, and at the same time, it will not make the concentration of suspended sludge in the reactor too high, which will affect the membrane flux. 4 Characteristics of MBR process 4.1 High pollutant removal efficiency MBR has a very good removal effect on suspended solid (SS) concentration and turbidity. Because the membrane aperture of the membrane module is very small (0.01~1 µ m), it can intercept all suspended solids and sludge in the bioreactor. Its solid-liquid separation effect is far better than that of the secondary sedimentation tank. The removal rate of SS by MBR is more than 99%, or even 100%; The removal rate of turbidity is also above 90%, and the turbidity of effluent is similar to that of tap water. Due to the high efficiency of membrane module, all activated sludge is trapped in the reactor, so that the sludge concentration in the reactor can reach a high level, up to 40~50g/L. In this way, the sludge load in the bioreactor is greatly reduced, and the removal efficiency of organic matters by MBR is improved. The average removal rate of COD in domestic sewage is more than 94%, and the average removal rate of BOD is more than 96%. At the same time, due to the separation of membrane modules, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT) in the bioreactor are completely separated, so that microorganisms (such as nitrifying bacteria) with slow growth and long generation time can also survive in the reactor, ensuring that MBR has good nitrification in addition to efficient degradation of organic matter. The research shows that when MBR is used to treat domestic sewage, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is above 98%, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the effluent is less than 1mg/L. In addition, after selecting membrane modules with appropriate pore size, MBR also has a good removal effect on bacteria and viruses, which can eliminate the disinfection process in traditional treatment process and greatly simplify the process flow. In addition, when the DO concentration is low, there is an anoxic or anaerobic zone in the micelle, which creates conditions for denitrification. Only aerobic MBR process is used. Although the removal efficiency of TP is not high, if it is combined with anaerobic process, the removal efficiency of TP can be greatly improved. The research shows that the removal rate of TP can reach more than 70% by using A/O compound MBR process. 4.2 It has great flexibility and practicability In the treatment of urban sewage or industrial wastewater, the traditional treatment process (grid+grit chamber+primary sedimentation tank+aeration tank+secondary sedimentation tank+disinfection tank) has a long process and a large area, while the effluent quality cannot be guaranteed. The MBR process (screen filtration+MBR) is short in process and occupies a small area! The water yield of # MBR shows obvious advantages due to its flexible treatment capacity. According to the actual situation, the water yield can be adjusted by simply increasing or decreasing the number of membrane modules, which is very simple and convenient. For the sludge bulking in the traditional activated sludge process, MBR can easily solve the problem because it does not need a secondary sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation. In this way, the complexity of management operation is greatly reduced, and the quality is improved! Stable effluent is possible. At the same time, MBR process is very easy to realize automatic control, which improves the automation level of sewage treatment. 4.3 The problem of difficult disposal of excess sludge has been solved. The disposal of excess sludge is one of the key problems for the operation of the WWTP. In the # MBR process, the sludge load is very low, nutrients in the reactor are relatively lacking, microorganisms are in the internal breathing zone, and the sludge yield is low. As a result, the amount of excess sludge produced is small, SRT is extended, and the concentration of discharged excess sludge is large, so the sludge can be directly dehydrated without sludge thickening, This greatly saves the cost of sludge treatment. According to research, the best sludge discharge time of MBR is about 35d when treating domestic sewage. It can be seen from the above that the MBR process has the advantages that other treatment processes can not match at present # This process can be used for urban sewage or domestic sewage treatment! High concentration organic wastewater, refractory organic wastewater and reclaimed water reuse have broad application prospects. Automated highway is the precursor and foundation of traffic automation, and also the lifeline of modern industrial countries. In many countries, time delay, fuel waste and unnecessary exhaust emissions caused by traffic congestion have caused great losses to society. Some people may think that the only way to solve the problem is to build more roads. However, building new roads is a very expensive project. For example, the United States plans to spend about 8 billion dollars to rebuild an 11 kilometer section of Boston's central trunk road. Therefore, it is economically infeasible to expand urban corridors and expressways on a large scale. People must learn to make more effective use of existing highways. Automatic highway is the most economical way to expand highway traffic capacity. The composition principle of the automated highway indicates that the automated highway system is to set up a lane or a group of lanes to allow cars, trucks and buses equipped with special equipment to drive in groups under the control of computers, and coordinate the traffic flow through a small computer network (these small computers are installed in cars and on the roadside of some sections), so as to increase the traffic flow and improve the transportation capacity of the highway. Most of the new technologies required for automatic road traffic are concentrated in cars. A forward looking sensor or a camera detects dangerous obstacles and other vehicles in front of you, as well as lane boundaries. These devices are connected to the computer, and the computer quickly processes the images, and then controls the car to turn and brake, so that the vehicle can maintain an appropriate speed and attitude. Each vehicle is equipped with digital radio equipment, which enables the computer on the vehicle to communicate with other nearby vehicles, as well as with the monitoring computer monitoring the road, so that the driver can know the information about the vehicle operation.

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